{"id":643,"date":"2024-02-04T21:54:09","date_gmt":"2024-02-04T21:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/?page_id=643"},"modified":"2024-02-12T11:05:21","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T11:05:21","slug":"5-1-informaciotechnologia-halozatok-interaktivitas-interfesz-multimedia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/bevezetes-a-szamitogepek-anarcheologiajaba\/5-1-informaciotechnologia-halozatok-interaktivitas-interfesz-multimedia\/","title":{"rendered":"5.1 Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3technol\u00f3gia; h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok, interaktivit\u00e1s, interf\u00e9sz, multim\u00e9dia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Paul Otlet: Mundaneum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1904-1907 k\u00e9t belga tud\u00f3s, Paul Otlet \u00e9s Henri La Fontaine publik\u00e1lja az egyetemes tizedes oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s (The Universal Decimal Classification) rendszer\u00e9t. A rendszer nem az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 t\u00edpus\u00e1nak megfelel\u0151 szisztematikus \u00e9s r\u00e9szletes besorol\u00e1st tesz lehet\u0151v\u00e9, hanem kapcsolatok, \u00e1tfed\u00e9sek jel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re is lehet\u0151s\u00e9get ad. Az ETO (UDC) teh\u00e1t analitikus \u00e9s szintetikus besorol\u00e1si rendszer, azaz lehet\u0151s\u00e9get ad fogalmak k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolatok jel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The main categories: 0 generalities; 1 philosophy, psychology; 2 religion, theology; 3 social sciences; 4 vacant; 5 natural sciences; 6 technology; 7 the arts; 8 language, linguistics, literature; 9 geography, biography, history<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A document may be classified under a combination of different categories through the use of additional symbols. For example:<br>+ plus addition e.g. 59+636 zoology and animal breeding<br>\/ stroke extension e.g. 592\/599 Systematic zoology (everything from 592 to 599 inclusive)<br>: colon relation e.g. 17:7 Relation of ethics to art<br>[] square brackets algebraic subgrouping e.g. 31:[622+669](485) statistics of mining and metallurgy in Sweden (the auxiliary qualifies 622+669 considered as a unit)<br>= equals language e.g. =111 in English; 59=111 Zoology, in English<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mundaneum.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mundaneum.jpg 800w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mundaneum-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mundaneum-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1910-ben Paul Otlet \u00e9s Henri La Fontaine javaslat\u00e1ra l\u00e9trej\u00f6n a Mundaneum, egy \u201cvil\u00e1gv\u00e1ros\u201d (World City), ahol az emberis\u00e9g teljes tud\u00e1s\u00e1t az egyetemes tizes oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s szerint rendszerezve halmozz\u00e1k fel. Az arch\u00edvum t\u00f6bb mint 12 000 000 katal\u00f3gusk\u00e1rty\u00e1t \u00e9s dokumentumot tartalmazott volna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Charles van den Heuvel (NL) Authoritative Annotations, Encyclopedia Universalis Mundaneum, Wikipedia and the Stanford Encycloped\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/10608291?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/10608291\">Charles van den Heuvel (NL) Authoritative Annotations, Encyclopedia Universalis Mundaneum, Wikipedia and the Stanford Encycloped<\/a>&nbsp;from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/networkcultures\">Institute of Network Cultures<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>The International Centre organises collections of world-wide importance. These collections are the International Museum, the International Library, the International Bibliographic Catalogue and the Universal Documentary Archives. These collections are conceived as parts of one universal body of documentation, as an encyclopedic survey of human knowledge, as an enormous intellectual warehouse of books, documents, catalogues and scientific objects. Established according to standardized methods, they are formed by assembling cooperative everything that the participating associations may gather or classify. Closely consolidated and coordinated in all of their parts and enriched by duplicates of all private works wherever undertaken, these collections will tend progressively to constitute a permanent and complete representation of the entire world. (Union of International Associations, 1914, p. 116).<br>http:\/\/www.mundaneum.be\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17mund_1-650.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-647\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17mund_1-650.jpg 650w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17mund_1-650-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Paul Otlet terveiben a kezdetekt\u0151l gyakorlatias szempontb\u00f3l tekintett az \u00faj technikai m\u00e9diumokra. Az 1900-as \u00e9vek elej\u00e9n egy Robert Goldschmidt nev\u0171 m\u00e9rn\u00f6kkel dolgozta ki a k\u00e9s\u0151bb mikro-fotogr\u00e1fi\u00e1nak nevezett elj\u00e1r\u00e1st, melynek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel bibliogr\u00e1fiai adatokat lehet mikrofilmen t\u00e1rolni. Az 1920-as \u00e9vekben ennek nyom\u00e1n dolgozik egy mikrofilmen t\u00e1rolt teljes enciklop\u00e9dia elk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9n (Encyclopaedia Microphotica Mundaneum), mely a Mundaneumban volt el\u00e9rhet\u0151. A 20-as \u00e9s 30-as \u00e9vekben megjelen\u0151 \u00faj m\u00e9diumokra, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6zt a r\u00e1di\u00f3ra \u00e9s a telev\u00edzi\u00f3ra \u00fagy tekintett, mint a tud\u00e1s dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak \u00faj eszk\u00f6zeire. Az 1934-ben megjelen\u0151 \u201c Trait\u00e9 de documentation\u201d c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9ben azt vizion\u00e1lta, hogy a tapint\u00e1s, az \u00edzlel\u00e9s \u00e9s a szagl\u00e1s el\u0151bb ut\u00f3bb szint\u00e9n \u00faj technikai m\u00e9diumok c\u00e9lpontja lesz, ezekre az \u00e9rz\u00e9kszervekre is kiterjesztve a tud\u00e1s dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ugyanebben a m\u0171v\u00e9ben le\u00edrja az &#8220;elektromos teleszk\u00f3pok&#8221; (tekinthetj\u00fck szem\u00e9lyi sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9peknek is) glob\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zat\u00e1t, ami a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra sokmilli\u00f3, keresztreferenci\u00e1kkal, hivatkoz\u00e1sokkal \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u00f6tt dokumentumok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti keres\u00e9st tesz lehet\u0151v, melyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt szerepelnek k\u00e9pek, mozg\u00f3k\u00e9pek \u00e9s hang-dokumentumok is. A rendszer \u00fczenetk\u00fcld\u00e9sre, dokumentumok megoszt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, s\u0151t egyfajta szoci\u00e1lis \u00e9rintkez\u00e9sre is alkalmas. A rendszert &#8220;r\u00e9seau&#8221;-nak nevezte el, ami h\u00e1l\u00f3zatot jelent. Annak ellen\u00e9re, hogy Otlet elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9sei anal\u00f3g eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1n alapultak(katal\u00f3gusc\u00e9dul\u00e1k, telegr\u00e1f stb.), c\u00e9lja a world wide webhez hasonl\u00f3 funkcionalit\u00e1s l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa volt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Otlet sz\u00f6vegeit gyakran tekintik a World Wide Web el\u0151h\u00edrn\u00f6k\u00e9nek: a tud\u00e1s hatalmas h\u00e1l\u00f3zat\u00e1nak v\u00edzi\u00f3ja dokumentumok rendszerez\u00e9s\u00e9n \u00e9s kapcsolatain alapult, s\u0151t, m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven ugyan, de tartalmazta a hypelink, a keres\u0151-adatb\u00e1zisok (search engine-ek), a t\u00e1voli el\u00e9r\u00e9s, s\u0151t a szoci\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok (social networks) gondolat\u00e1t is.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17mund_4-600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17mund_4-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17mund_4-600-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">a br\u00fcsszeli Mundaneum telegr\u00e1f-szob\u00e1ja<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Web That Wasn&#039;t\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/72nfrhXroo8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Web That Wasn&#8217;t 13:38-t\u00f3l 16:04-ig film, azt\u00e1n m\u00e9g 18:40-ig Otlet-r\u00f3l:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=72nfrhXroo8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=72nfrhXroo8<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Vannevar Bush: Memex<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Az Atlantic Monthly 1945 j\u00faliusi sz\u00e1m\u00e1ban megjelenik Vannevar Bush h\u00edres \u201cAs We May Think c. cikke, melyben le\u00edrja a Memex nev\u0171 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kezel\u0151 g\u00e9pet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"316\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/memex_lg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/memex_lg.jpg 501w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/memex_lg-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bush le\u00edr\u00e1sa nagy hat\u00e1ssal volt a h\u00e1l\u00f3zattal\/hyperm\u00e9di\u00e1val foglalkoz\u00f3 fejleszt\u00f4kre, gondolkod\u00f3kra (t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6zt Ted Nelson-ra, Douglas Engelbart-ra, Alan Kay-re, \u00e9s a World Wide Web-et megalkot\u00f3 Tim Berners-Lee-re).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Memex animation - Vannevar Bush&#039;s diagrams made real\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/c539cK58ees?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A Bush \u00e1ltal le\u00edrt, az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t \u00e9rtelmez\u00f4\/\u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u00f4 &#8220;nyomvonalak&#8221; rendszere j\u00f3val \u00f6sszetettebb a mai hypertextn\u00e9l:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTegy\u00fck fel, hogy a memex gazd\u00e1j\u00e1t az \u00edj \u00e9s a ny\u00edl eredete \u00e9s jellemz\u00f4i \u00e9rdeklik. Pontosabban azt tanulm\u00e1nyozza, mi\u00e9rt volt a r\u00f6vid t\u00f6r\u00f6k \u00edj jobb a hossz\u00fa angol \u00edjn\u00e1l a keresztes hadj\u00e1ratok csat\u00e1iban. Memex\u00e9be sz\u00e1mtalan e t\u00e9m\u00e1ba v\u00e1g\u00f3 k\u00f6nyv \u00e9s cikk van bet\u00e1pl\u00e1lva. El\u00f4sz\u00f6r \u00e1tlapoz egy lexikont, r\u00e1bukkan egy \u00e9rdekes \u00e1m v\u00e1zlatos cikkre, \u00e9s otthagyja a kivet\u00edt\u00f4n. Ezut\u00e1n egy t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi t\u00e1rgy\u00fa k\u00f6nyvben tal\u00e1l egy m\u00e1sik odav\u00e1g\u00f3 t\u00e9telt, \u00e9s \u00f6sszekapcsolja a lexikonban tal\u00e1lt cikkel. \u00cdgy halad tov\u00e1bb, m\u00edg a sok t\u00e9telb\u00f4l ki\u00e9p\u00edt egy nyomvonalat. Id\u00f4nk\u00e9nt megjegyz\u00e9seket f\u00fbz a t\u00e9telekhez, melyeket vagy a f\u00f4vonalhoz k\u00f6t, vagy egy mell\u00e9kvonallal egy specifikus t\u00e9telhez. Amikor bebizonyosodik, hogy az abban a korban fellelhet\u00f4 anyagok tulajdons\u00e1ga fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszott az \u00edjk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9sben, let\u00e9r egy mell\u00e9knyomvonalra, ahol megn\u00e9zheti a rugalmass\u00e1gr\u00f3l \u00edrt szakk\u00f6nyveket \u00e9s a fizikai \u00e1lland\u00f3k t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat\u00e1t. Ide hozz\u00e1f\u00fbzi saj\u00e1t k\u00e9z\u00edr\u00e1sos elemz\u00e9s\u00e9t. A rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 anyagok labirintus\u00e1b\u00f3l teh\u00e1t ki\u00e9p\u00edt egy saj\u00e1t \u00e9rdekl\u00f4d\u00e9s\u00e9nek megfelel\u00f4 nyomvonalat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9s ez a nyomvonal nem halv\u00e1nyul el. \u00c9vekkel k\u00e9s\u00f4bb egy bar\u00e1tj\u00e1val besz\u00e9lget, \u00e9s az a k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s jelens\u00e9g ker\u00fcl sz\u00f3ba, hogy az emberek m\u00e9g a l\u00e9tfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sokat sem hajland\u00f3ak elfogadni. Ember\u00fcnk p\u00e9ld\u00e1val is szolg\u00e1l, azt a t\u00e9nyt hozza fel, hogy az eur\u00f3paiak csat\u00e1kat vesztettek, m\u00e9gsem saj\u00e1t\u00edtott\u00e1k el a t\u00f6r\u00f6k \u00edjk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9si technik\u00e1t. Tulajdonk\u00e9ppen maga k\u00e9sz\u00edtette nyomvonallal is tudja illusztr\u00e1lni a k\u00e9rd\u00e9st. Egy \u00e9rint\u00e9ssel beh\u00edvja a k\u00f3df\u00fczet\u00e9t. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny gomb lenyom\u00e1s\u00e1val a kivet\u00edt\u00f4n megjelenik a k\u00f3d k\u00f6zponti eleme. A megfelel\u00f4 parancssz\u00f3ra egy kar v\u00e9giglapozza, az \u00e9rdekes t\u00e9telekn\u00e9l meg\u00e1ll, \u00e9s let\u00e9r a mell\u00e9kvonalakra. A bar\u00e1tja \u00e9rdekl\u00f4d\u00e9s\u00e9t felkelti a nyomvonal, kapcsol\u00f3dik a besz\u00e9lget\u00e9s t\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1hoz. Ember\u00fcnk beind\u00edt teh\u00e1t egy sokszoros\u00edt\u00f3t, kif\u00e9nyk\u00e9pezi a teljes nyomvonalat, \u00e9s \u00e1tadja a bar\u00e1tj\u00e1nak, hogy t\u00e1pl\u00e1lja be a saj\u00e1t memex\u00e9be, \u00e9s kapcsolja \u00f6ssze egy \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosabb nyomvonallal. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Memex #001 Demo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pW4SS_9nXyo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/234153525\">Paul Kahn \u2013 Vannevar Bush&#8217;s MEMEX \u2013 CCSMFAIXD Lecture \u2013 IxD Evolution Course<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/pangaro\">paul pangaro<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.newatlas.com\/dims4\/default\/bf204fb\/2147483647\/strip\/true\/crop\/400x267+0+7\/resize\/1920x1280!\/quality\/90\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnewatlas-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Farchive%2F4303_21070532356.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forum.makerforums.info\/uploads\/default\/optimized\/3X\/6\/d\/6db2e6721ffcfd24e468a2c60acc5ab90f6106e4_2_1222x1000.jpeg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">https:\/\/forum.makerforums.info\/t\/tiny-memex\/85841<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Ted Nelson: Hypertext<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theodor Holm Nelson 1965-ben megalkotja a hypertext fogalm\u00e1t: &#8220;\u00edrott vagy k\u00e9pi anyagok olyan komplex \u00f6sszek\u00f6ttet\u00e9se, amit pap\u00edron nem lehet k\u00e9nyelmesen megalkotni. \u00d6sszefoglal\u00f3kat \u00e9s t\u00e9rk\u00e9peket tartalmazhat a benne szerepl\u00f4 anyagokr\u00f3l \u00e9s ezek egym\u00e1shoz val\u00f3 viszony\u00e1r\u00f3l; \u00e9s tartalmazhatja az anyaggal foglalkoz\u00f3 tud\u00f3sok megjegyz\u00e9seit \u00e9s l\u00e1bjegyzeteit is.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ted Nelson in Herzog&#039;s &quot;Lo and Behold&quot;\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Bqx6li5dbEY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nelson 1982-ben publik\u00e1lt \u201cA New Home for the Mind\u201d c\u00edm\u00fb essz\u00e9j\u00e9ben r\u00e9szletesen le\u00edrja a ma haszn\u00e1latos hyperm\u00e9dia rendszerek gyakorlati m\u00fbk\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cK\u00e9pzeletben van teh\u00e1t egy \u00faj \u00edr\u00f3-olvas\u00f3 dobozunk, mely t\u00f6bb\u00e9-kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 \u00fagy m\u00fbk\u00f6dik, mint egy nagy teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00fb sz\u00f6vegszerkeszt\u00f4. Adjunk hozz\u00e1 m\u00e9g egy eszk\u00f6zt, a linkeket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kezdj\u00fck azzal, hogy a link nem m\u00e1s, mint lehet\u00f4s\u00e9g, hogy a sz\u00f6veg egyik pontj\u00e1r\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikra ugorjunk. A hagyom\u00e1nyos l\u00e1bjegyzet j\u00f3 p\u00e9da erre. A csillag egy sz\u00f6vegben p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul azt jelzi, hogy &#8220;innen valahov\u00e1 \u00e1t lehet ugrani&#8221;. Ha r\u00e1mutatunk egy f\u00e9nyceruz\u00e1val (eg\u00e9rrel vagy b\u00e1rmely m\u00e1s eszk\u00f6zzel), bing\u00f3! -, m\u00e1ris a l\u00e1bjegyzetek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt tal\u00e1ljuk magunkat, vagy ahol a szerz\u00f4 k\u00edv\u00e1nja. Ha nem tetszik, megnyomjuk a &#8220;vissza&#8221; gombot, \u00e9s ism\u00e9t a csillagn\u00e1l vagyunk. Nem tett\u00fcnk k\u00e1rt a sz\u00f6vegben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ez az egyszer\u00fb eszk\u00f6z &#8211; nevezz\u00fck linknek, azaz ugr\u00f3pontnak &#8211; sz\u00e1mtalan \u00faj sz\u00f6vegform\u00e1hoz elvezet: a tudom\u00e1nyhoz, a tan\u00edt\u00e1shoz, a pr\u00f3z\u00e1hoz, a k\u00f6lt\u00e9szethez.<br>\u201c&#8230;\u201d<br>A link nem puszt\u00e1n r\u00e9szek \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u00e9s\u00e9t jelenti. Lehet\u00f4v\u00e9 teszi a nonszekvenci\u00e1lis, azaz a folytonoss\u00e1g n\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u00edr\u00e1st a maga tiszta form\u00e1j\u00e1ban. A sz\u00f6vegek eddig az\u00e9rt voltak folytonosak, mert a k\u00f6nyv oldalai egym\u00e1s ut\u00e1n k\u00f6vetkeztek. Milyen m\u00e1s lehet\u00f4s\u00e9g van? Nos, a hypertext &#8211; a nem folytonos \u00edr\u00e1s. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1967-ban Nelson Andries Van Dam-mal \u00e9s a Brown Egyetem hallgat\u00f3ival l\u00e9trehozza a Hypertext Editing System-et (HES).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"348\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg 450w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969-300x232.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A HES k\u00e9t adatt\u00edpussal dolgozott: link \u00e9s el\u00e1gaz\u00f3 sz\u00f6veg (branching text). A sz\u00f6veg men\u00fcpontokba volt rendezhet\u0151 \u00e9s hotspotokhoz volt k\u00f6thet\u0151, melyeket kulcsszavakkal lehetett ell\u00e1tni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hypertext: An Educational Experiment in English and Computer Science at Brown University\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wUTaNQWjNy8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nelson a WWW-t er\u0151sen kritiz\u00e1lja, eredeti \u00f6tleteinek, illetve a technikai lehet\u0151s\u00e9geknek durva, kockafej\u0171 m\u00e9rnoki leegyszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek tekinti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;The Web is a special effects race, FANFARES ON SPREADSHEETS! JUST WHAT WE NEED!. (Instead of dealing with the important structure issues&#8211; structure, continuity, persistence of material, side-by-side intercomparison, showing what things are the same.) This is cosmetics instead of medicine. We are reliving the font madness of the eighties, a tangent which did nothing to help the structure that users need who are trying to manage content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Xanadu\u00ae project did not &#8220;fail to invent HTML&#8221;.&nbsp;<strong>HTML is precisely what we were trying to PREVENT&#8211; ever-breaking links, links going outward only, quotes you can&#8217;t follow to their origins, no version management, no rights management.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"380\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-ThousandsOfComments.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-655\" style=\"width:333px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-ThousandsOfComments.png 380w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-ThousandsOfComments-300x216.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"432\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlitpic-CollaborativeDocument.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-657\" style=\"width:528px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlitpic-CollaborativeDocument.png 432w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlitpic-CollaborativeDocument-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"366\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-PullacrossEditing.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-659\" style=\"width:330px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-PullacrossEditing.png 366w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-PullacrossEditing-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-PullacrossEd-BeamsColor.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-661\" style=\"width:543px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-PullacrossEd-BeamsColor.png 458w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/tlit-PullacrossEd-BeamsColor-300x145.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The &#8220;Browser&#8221; is an extremely silly concept&#8211; a window for looking sequentially at a large parallel structure. It does not show this structure in a useful way.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f6bbet (el\u0151zm\u00e9nyt \u00e9s folytat\u00e1st) ld a Xanadu weboldalain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/xanadu.com.au\/ted\/TN\/WRITINGS\/TCOMPARADIGM\/tedCompOneLiners.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/xanadu.com.au\/ted\/TN\/WRITINGS\/TCOMPARADIGM\/tedCompOneLiners.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Today&#8217;s popular software simulates paper. The World Wide Web (another imitation of paper) trivializes our original hypertext model with one-way ever-breaking links and no management of version or contents.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>WE FIGHT ON.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.xanadu.com\/\">http:\/\/www.xanadu.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ted Nelson demonstrates Xanadu Space\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/En_2T7KH6RA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ted Nelson demonstrates Xanadu Space:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=En_2T7KH6RA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=En_2T7KH6RA<\/a><br>Ted Nelson on Pernicious Computer Traditions:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zumdnI4EG14&amp;list=PL68E73F1A423235AC&amp;index=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zumdnI4EG14&amp;list=PL68E73F1A423235AC&amp;index=1<\/a><br>Computers for Cynics 0 &#8211; The Myth of Technology:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KdnGPQaICjk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KdnGPQaICjk<\/a><br>Computers for Cynics 1 &#8211; The Nightmare of Files and Directories:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Qfai5reVrck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Qfai5reVrck<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Douglas Engelbart: Augmenting Human Intellect \/ Augmentation Research Center<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Az 1960-as \u00e9vek &#8211; j\u00f3r\u00e9szt Douglas Engelbart nev\u00e9hez, illetve az \u00e1ltala alap\u00edtott Augmentation Research Center-hez k\u00f6thet\u00f4 &#8211; fejleszt\u00e9seinek nyom\u00e1n l\u00e9trej\u00f6nnek a napjainkban is haszn\u00e1lt sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pes interf\u00e9szek, s\u00f4t a multi- , illetve hyperm\u00e9dia h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok hardver \u00e9s szoftver alkot\u00f3elemei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Az Augmentation Research Center munkat\u00e1rsainak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u00f4 a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i interf\u00e9szek kutat\u00e1sa, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos alapvet\u00f4 szoftver- \u00e9s hardvermegold\u00e1s kifejleszt\u00e9se. Englebart \u00e9s koll\u00e9g\u00e1i az anyagi szempontokat f\u00e9lret\u00e9ve kutat\u00e1saik legelej\u00e9n a val\u00f3s idej\u00fb visszacsatol\u00e1st megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00f3 kat\u00f3dsug\u00e1rcs\u00f6ves (cathode-ray-tube, CRT) megjelen\u00edt\u00f4k mellett d\u00f6nt\u00f6ttek az akkoriban szok\u00e1sos olcs\u00f3bb nyomtat\u00f3k helyett. A \u201cnagyobb augment\u00e1ci\u00f3s potenci\u00e1llal\u201d rendelkez\u00f4 CRT monitorok elvileg lehet\u00f4v\u00e9 tett\u00e9k a k\u00e9perny\u00f4n megjelen\u00f4 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k, objektumok kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1t, illetve manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t is, ehhez csup\u00e1n megfelel\u00f4 interf\u00e9szre volt sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. Engelbart felvetette n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vvel azel\u00f4tti \u00f6tlet\u00e9t, melyet bar\u00e1tja, a rendk\u00edv\u00fcl j\u00f3 szervez\u00f4tehets\u00e9ggel rendelkez\u00f4 m\u00e9rn\u00f6k, Bill English n\u00e9h\u00e1ny rajz alapj\u00e1n meg is \u00e9p\u00edtett \u00e9s a tesztek sor\u00e1n a f\u00e9nyceruza, illetve a kezdetleges, a joystick-ek elv\u00e9n m\u00fbk\u00f6d\u00f4 szerkezetek alternat\u00edv\u00e1jak\u00e9nt vonta be a k\u00eds\u00e9rletekbe. Az \u00faj eszk\u00f6zt n\u00e9h\u00e1ny munkat\u00e1rs elkezdte eg\u00e9rnek bec\u00e9zni, ami azt\u00e1n rajta is ragad az 1965-t\u00f4l az ARC fejleszt\u00e9seiben v\u00e9gleges interf\u00e9szk\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lt eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/firstmouse.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/firstmouse.jpg 768w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/firstmouse-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Az eg\u00e9r az els\u00f4 olyan sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pes interf\u00e9sz, mely val\u00f3ban alkalmas a mozg\u00e1s \u201cdigitaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra\u201d. \u00f4se azoknak a mechanikus mozg\u00e1sk\u00f6vet\u00f4 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6knek is, melyek sok\u00e1ig voltak alkalmaz\u00e1sban a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9ppel el\u00f4\u00e1ll\u00edtott mesters\u00e9ges val\u00f3s\u00e1gok kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lagos felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i interf\u00e9szek\u00e9nt, s melyek ma is a legpontosabb digitaliz\u00e1l\u00f3eszk\u00f6z\u00f6knek sz\u00e1m\u00edtanak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>White Rabbit Interview with Doug Engelbart and Bill English, Moderated by John Markoff\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L1oNBImSX0M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L1oNBImSX0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/firstmouse2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-665\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/firstmouse2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/firstmouse2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Az ARC-ben kifejlesztett sz\u00e1mos hardver- \u00e9s szoftveralkalmaz\u00e1s az NLS (oNLineSystem) nev\u00fb rendszerben ker\u00fclt kipr\u00f3b\u00e1l\u00e1sra. Az NLS hossz\u00fa \u00e9vek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t jelenti, eredetileg nem h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00f6rnyezetben m\u00fbk\u00f6d\u00f4, de a kezdetekt\u00f4l az ARC kutat\u00e1sainak f\u00f3kuszpontj\u00e1ban \u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00eds\u00e9rletek, a komplex inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t, interakt\u00edv manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t min\u00e9l magasabb szinten megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00f3 teszt-rendszerk\u00e9nt m\u00fbk\u00f6d\u00f6tt. Az NLS m\u00e1r 1967-ben hypertext-rendszer\u00fb, interakt\u00edv sz\u00f6vegszerkeszt\u00f4vel rendelkezett, k\u00e9s\u00f4bb sz\u00e1mos fontos \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1s mellett e rendszer alkalmazta el\u00f4sz\u00f6r az ablak-rendszer\u00fb egys\u00e9ges felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i fel\u00fcletet minden alkalmaz\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, megval\u00f3s\u00edtotta t\u00f6bb file egyidej\u00fb szerkeszt\u00e9s\u00e9t, kontextus\u00e9rz\u00e9keny help-rendszerrel rendelkezett stb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1967 tavasz\u00e1n indul el &#8211; a J. C. R. Licklider \u00e1ltal 63-ban javasolt &#8211; els\u00f4 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati ARPA projekt, melynek sor\u00e1n 13 ARPA \u00e1ltal szponzor\u00e1lt int\u00e9zm\u00e9ny sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9prendszereit k\u00f6t\u00f6tt\u00e9k \u00f6ssze az er\u00f4forr\u00e1sok megoszt\u00e1s\u00e1nak c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Az ARC m\u00e1sodikk\u00e9nt kapcsol\u00f3dik be a h\u00e1l\u00f3zatba, Engelbart \u00e9s English javasolja, hogy az 1968-as San Franciscoban tartand\u00f3 konferenci\u00e1n egy m\u00e1sf\u00e9l \u00f3r\u00e1s videokonferencia-szer\u00fb bemutat\u00f3t tartsanak az NLS rendszer, illetve annak h\u00e1l\u00f3zatba kapcsolt lehet\u00f4s\u00e9geit bemutatand\u00f3. A nagysiker\u00fb show volt a hyperm\u00e9dia-rendszerek, az interakt\u00edv sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pes rendszer, az eg\u00e9r, \u00e9s a \u201ckollaborat\u00edv sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9phaszn\u00e1lat\u201d &#8211; azaz a virtu\u00e1lis, mesters\u00e9ges val\u00f3s\u00e1gon alapul\u00f3 egy\u00fcttm\u00fbk\u00f6d\u00e9s &#8211; els\u00f4 nyilv\u00e1nos demonstr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mindez 1968 december 9-\u00e9n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik!!!!\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sloan.stanford.edu\/MouseSite\/1968Demo.html\">http:\/\/sloan.stanford.edu\/MouseSite\/1968Demo.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Mother of All Demos, presented by Douglas Engelbart (1968)\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yJDv-zdhzMY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A teljes esem\u00e9ny: The Mother of All Demos, presented by Douglas Engelbart (1968) 33. percn\u00e9l az interf\u00e9sz&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yJDv-zdhzMY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yJDv-zdhzMY<\/a><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Douglas C. Engelbart, Winner 1997 Lemelson-MIT Prize\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Eb4ZNcMj0uw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Douglas C. Engelbart, Winner 1997 Lemelson-MIT Prize:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Eb4ZNcMj0uw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Eb4ZNcMj0uw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Douglas Engelbart Interviewed by John Markoff of the New York Times:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VeSgaJt27PM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VeSgaJt27PM<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>ARPANET<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1969-ben 4 int\u00e9zm\u00e9ny k\u00f6z\u00f6tt j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre \u00e1lland\u00f3 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati \u00f6sszek\u00f6ttet\u00e9s: UCLA, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), UC Santa Barbara (UCSB), University of Utah in Salt Lake City.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Az ARPANET v\u00e9g\u00fcl 1972 okt\u00f3ber\u00e9ben mutatkozik be a nyilv\u00e1noss\u00e1g el\u00f4tt, ekkor 15 int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyt kapcsol \u00f6ssze. Ugyanebben az \u00e9vben az ARPA felveszi a Defense Advanced Research Agency nevet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* 1964: Paul Baran &#8211; Packet switched network \u2190 \u2192 Circuit network<br>* 1969: ARPANET &#8211; 4 nodes First test with two computers: one in Los Angeles, one in Stanford. On their first attempt to log into Stanford&#8217;s computer by typing &#8220;log win&#8221;, UCLA researchers crashed their computer when they typed the letter &#8220;g&#8221;<br>o UCLA (Los Angeles)<br>o Stanford<br>o UC Santa Barbara<br>o University of Utah<br>* 1972: 24 nodes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* 1973: TCP\/IP &#8211; Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* TCP: information is split up in a couple of packages which need not arrive in the same order as they were sent, or via the same route.<br>* IP: each package of information carries a stamp with the address of destination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2192 1976: TCP\/IP on ARPANET<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Alan Kay: interactive computing + digit\u00e1lis multim\u00e9dia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Englebart elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9seinek jelent\u00f4s r\u00e9sze a k\u00e9s\u00f4bbiekben a Xerox laborat\u00f3rium\u00e1ban, Alan Kay vezet\u00e9s\u00e9vel val\u00f3sul meg. M\u00edg Engelbart a hatvanas \u00e9vekben az emberi intellektus kiterjeszt\u00e9sek\u00e9nt a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pet egyfajta hivatalszolg\u00e1nak, intelligens titk\u00e1rnak k\u00e9pzelte el, addig Kay univerz\u00e1lis m\u00e9diumk\u00e9nt, m\u00e9dia-g\u00e9pk\u00e9nt tekintett a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pre. Nem kiz\u00e1rva a j\u00e1t\u00e9k, a sz\u00f3rakoztat\u00e1s aspektusait gyerekeket vont be az \u00faj interf\u00e9szek, felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i fel\u00fcletek tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9be. Elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9seinek korszer\u00fbs\u00e9g\u00e9re a digit\u00e1lis m\u00e9diumok t\u00e9rh\u00f3d\u00edt\u00e1sa, tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9nek kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa volt\u00e1ra pedig a grafikus felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i interf\u00e9sz l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa a bizony\u00edt\u00e9k, mely egy\u00e9rtelm\u00fben a Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) kutat\u00e1sainak hozad\u00e9ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Xerox Parc - Office Alto Commercial\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/M0zgj2p7Ww4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Az 1973-ban k\u00e9sz\u00fclt Xerox Alto az els\u0151 sorozatban k\u00e9sz\u00edtett (b\u00e1r &#8220;igazi&#8221; kereskedelmi forgalomba soha sem hozott) sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p, ami azokat az \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sokat haszn\u00e1lja, melyeket Engelbart oNLineSystem (NLS) rendszer\u00e9ben felvet\u0151dtek. H\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9sszel, eg\u00e9rrel van felszerelve, grafikus megjelen\u00edt\u00e9ssel dolgozik az addig \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos karakter-alap\u00fa helyett, kezdetleges grafikus felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i fel\u00fcletet haszn\u00e1l, s az \u00e1ll\u00f3 helyzet\u0171 monitor a (Ted Nelson \u00e1ltal er\u0151sen kritiz\u00e1lt) nyomtatott pap\u00edr-metaf\u00f3r\u00e1t honos\u00edtja meg a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p-interf\u00e9szek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/450px-Xerox_Alto_mit_Rechner.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/450px-Xerox_Alto_mit_Rechner.jpg 450w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/450px-Xerox_Alto_mit_Rechner-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Seminal Xerox Alto arrives for restoration\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YupOC_6bfMI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Az els\u0151 grafikus felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i fel\u00fcletet Alan Kay, Larry Tessler \u00e9s Dan Ingalls fejlesztik ki a 70-es \u00e9vek elej\u00e9n.1974-ben indul a GYPSY fejleszt\u00e9se, mely az els\u0151 What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) sz\u00f6vegszerkeszt\u0151,m\u00e1sol\u00e1si, kiv\u00e1g\u00e1si \u00e9s beilleszt\u00e9si funkci\u00f3kkal (copy\/cut and paste). 1975-ben mutatj\u00e1k be az els\u0151 grafikus interf\u00e9szt, mely ikonokat, \u00e9s a kurzor poz\u00edci\u00f3j\u00e1ban megny\u00edl\u00f3 (popup) men\u00fcket is haszn\u00e1l. A PARC csapat\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e1tcs\u00e1b\u00edtott fejleszt\u0151k minden korai kommersz oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszert fejleszt\u0151 c\u00e9g csapat\u00e1ban megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, az Apple-t\u0151l a Microsoft-ig a Sun Microsystemen \u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Kay72p4.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-669\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"315\" height=\"247\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Kay72p2.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-671\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Alan Kay m\u00e1r 1968-ban publik\u00e1lja a Dynabook \u00f6tlet\u00e9t, melyet a laptopok el\u00f4k\u00e9p\u00e9nek szok\u00e1s tekinteni. Kay koncepci\u00f3ja kifejezetten gyerekek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra is haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 szem\u00e9lyi sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pet jelentett, az al\u00e1bbi illusztr\u00e1ci\u00f3k az 1972-ben publik\u00e1lt &#8220;A Personal Computer for Children of all Ages&#8221; c\u00edm\u0171 cikkb\u00f4l val\u00f3k:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Alan Kay&#039;s Dynabook -- Rare NHK video\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r36NNGzNvjo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Alan Kay on Learning and Computer Science\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ud8WRAdihPg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Alan Kay on Learning and Computer Science:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ud8WRAdihPg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ud8WRAdihPg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alan Kay at OOPSLA 1997 &#8211; The computer revolution hasnt happened yet:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oKg1hTOQXoY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oKg1hTOQXoY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alan Kay, 2015: Power of Simplicity 27:32-t\u0151l az internetr\u0151l&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NdSD07U5uBs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NdSD07U5uBs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rethinking CS Education | Alan Kay, CrossRoads 2015&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N9c7_8Gp7gI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N9c7_8Gp7gI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>1985 Intermedia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1985-t\u0151l a Brown egyetemen az Andries van Dam, William S. Shipp, \u00e9s Norman Meyrowitz \u00e1ltal alap\u00edtott Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship (IRIS) 1985-t\u0151l fejleszti az Intemedia nev\u0171 hypertext rendszert, mely els\u0151sorban oktat\u00e1si \u00e9s tanul\u00e1si c\u00e9lokat seg\u00edteni volt hivatott. Az Intermedia er\u0151sen hatott a WWW-re is, az &#8220;a href&#8221; tag p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az Intermedi\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e1temelt nyelvi elem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"766\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia01-1024x766.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia01-1024x766.gif 1024w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia01-300x224.gif 300w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia01-768x574.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Uniforum Presentation: Clip With Norman Meyrowitz\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/21128106?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/21128106\">Uniforum Presentation: Clip With Norman Meyrowitz<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/user3800227\">CDS, Brown University<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/\">Vimeo<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"INTERMEDIA: Short Demo\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/21127424?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/21127424\">INTERMEDIA: Short Demo<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/user3800227\">CDS, Brown University<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/\">Vimeo<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia02-1024x678.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia02-1024x678.png 1024w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia02-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia02-768x509.png 768w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/intermedia02.png 1470w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>1987 Bill Atkinson: Hypercard<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bill Atkinson: Hypercard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bdJKjBHCh18?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Computer Chronicles - Hypercard (1987)\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FquNpWdf9vg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Tim Berners Lee: World Wide Web<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1980-ban Tim Berners Lee elk\u00e9sz\u00edti a \u201cEnquire-Within-Upon-Everything\u201d nev\u00fb programot, amely lehet\u00f4v\u00e9 teszi a dokumentumok k\u00f6zti linkek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1989 m\u00e1rcius\u00e1ban (majd 1990 m\u00e1jus\u00e1ban ism\u00e9t) publik\u00e1lja a CERN(Eur\u00f3pai Atommagkutat\u00f3 Tan\u00e1cs &#8211; Conseil Europ\u00e9en pour la Recherche Nucl\u00e9aire) munkat\u00e1rsai k\u00f6r\u00e9ben \u201cInformation Management: A Proposal\u201d c\u00edm\u00fb sz\u00f6veg\u00e9t, mely l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben a hypertexten alapul\u00f3 platformf\u00fcggetlen dokumentumkezel\u00e9si rendszer le\u00edr\u00e1sa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/information_management_berners_lee.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-677\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"761\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/worldwideweb_browser1990-1024x761.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/worldwideweb_browser1990-1024x761.gif 1024w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/worldwideweb_browser1990-300x223.gif 300w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/worldwideweb_browser1990-768x571.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tim Berners-Lee els\u0151 browsere a WorldWideWeb (1990)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9s a vil\u00e1g els\u0151 webszervere a CERN-ben ugyanekkor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/elso_webszerver_szebb.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/elso_webszerver_szebb.jpg 800w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/elso_webszerver_szebb-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/elso_webszerver_szebb-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1992 december\u00e9ben indul el az els\u00f4 Eur\u00f3p\u00e1n k\u00edv\u00fcli WWW szerver a Stanford Egyetemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1993 janu\u00e1rj\u00e1ban m\u00e1r t\u00f6bb browser jelenik meg(Midas, Erwise, Viola, Samba), ezek azonban az otthonokban elterjedt PC \u00e9s Macintosh szem\u00e9lyi sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9peken nem futnak, csup\u00e1n egyetemeken, kutat\u00f3int\u00e9zetekben el\u00e9rhet\u00f4 munka\u00e1llom\u00e1sokon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1993 m\u00e1rcius\u00e1ban jelenik meg a Mosaic nem\u00fb browser els\u00f4, k\u00eds\u00e9rleti (0.1 alfa) v\u00e1ltozata, mely a minden Unix rendszer\u00fb sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pen szabv\u00e1nynak sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3 X Windows fel\u00fcletre k\u00e9sz\u00fclt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1993 \u00e1prilis\u00e1ban a CERN mindenki sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra jogd\u00edj n\u00e9lk\u00fcl haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3v\u00e1 teszi a web protokollt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1993 \u00f4sz\u00e9n jelennek meg a Mosaic Microsoft Windows, illetve Apple Macintosh oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszeren fut\u00f3 k\u00eds\u00e9rleti v\u00e1ltozatai, majd november\/december folyam\u00e1n k\u00e9sz\u00fcl el azok 1.0-\u00e1s v\u00e1ltozata az X Windows fel\u00fcleten fut\u00f3 2.0-\u00e1s v\u00e1ltozattal egy\u00fctt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1993 okt\u00f3ber\u00e9ben az Interm\u00e9dia Tansz\u00e9k az Elte Szociol\u00f3gia Tansz\u00e9kkel k\u00f6z\u00f6sen, az ott el\u00e9rhet\u00f4 kvtr.elte.hu nev\u00fb internethez kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pet haszn\u00e1lva hirdeti meg az els\u00f4 World Wide Web kurzust, melyet Szegedy-Masz\u00e1k Zolt\u00e1n \u00e9s T\u00f6lgyesi J\u00e1nos vezetnek. Ekkor k\u00e9sz\u00fclnek az els\u00f4 hallgat\u00f3i webm\u00fbvek, melyek a 1994 tavasz\u00e1n megrendezett Ars Electronica Fesztiv\u00e1lon is bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclnek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1994 okt\u00f3ber 1-\u00e9n alakul meg a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential. W3C is a forum for information, commerce, communication, and collective understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tim Berners-Lee: The next Web of open, linked data\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OM6XIICm_qo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tim Berners-Lee: A Magna Carta for the web\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rCplocVemjo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tim Berners-Lee: A Magna Carta for the web&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rCplocVemjo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rCplocVemjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>http:\/\/www.w3.org\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Web That Wasn&#8217;t:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=72nfrhXroo8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=72nfrhXroo8<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paul Otlet: Mundaneum 1904-1907 k\u00e9t belga tud\u00f3s, Paul Otlet \u00e9s Henri La Fontaine publik\u00e1lja az egyetemes tizedes oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s (The Universal Decimal Classification) rendszer\u00e9t. A rendszer nem az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 t\u00edpus\u00e1nak megfelel\u0151 szisztematikus \u00e9s r\u00e9szletes besorol\u00e1st tesz lehet\u0151v\u00e9, hanem kapcsolatok, \u00e1tfed\u00e9sek jel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re is lehet\u0151s\u00e9get ad. Az ETO (UDC) teh\u00e1t analitikus \u00e9s szintetikus besorol\u00e1si rendszer, azaz lehet\u0151s\u00e9get ad [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":707,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-643","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=643"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/643\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":683,"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/643\/revisions\/683"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/szmz.hu\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}